Parkinson Disease Assignment

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Question

1. In Parkinson disease (PD), the basal ganglia influences the hypothalamic function to produce which grouping of clinical manifestations?

Inappropriate diaphoresis, orthostatic hypotension, constipation, and urinary retention

Asymmetric, regular, rhythmic tremors with slow alternating flexion and extension contractions

Involuntary contractions of skeletal muscles that impair active and passive movement

Bradykinesia of chewing, swallowing, and articulation

Question 2. Which is a characteristic of brainstem death?

Vegetative state

Comatose

Apnea

Locked-in syndrome

Question 3. With receptive dysphasia (fluent), the individual is able to

respond in writing, but not in speech.

speak back, but not comprehend speech.

comprehend speech, but not respond verbally.

respond verbally, but not comprehend speech.

Question 4. The body compensates to a rise in intracranial pressure by first displacing

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

arterial blood.

venous blood.

cerebral cells.

Question 5. Dementia is characterized by

deficits in attention and coherence of thought.

easy distractibility and poor concentration.

loss of recent and remote memory.

irritability, agitation, and restlessness.

Question 6. Which dyskinesia involves involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and extremities?

Paroxysmal

Tardive

Hyperkinesia

Cardive

Question 7. Vomiting is associated with CNS injuries that compress which anatomic location(s)?

Vestibular nuclei in the lower pons and medulla oblongata

Floor of the third ventricle

Vestibular nuclei in the midbrain

Diencephalon

Question 8. Cognitive operations cannot occur without the _____ functioning.

pons

medulla oblongata

reticular activating system

cingulate gyrus

Question 9. What are the initial clinical manifestations noted immediately after a spinal cord injury?

Headache, bradycardia, and elevated blood pressure

Confusion, irritability, and retrograde amnesia

Loss of deep tendon reflexes and flaccid paralysis

Hypertension, neurogenic shock, and tachycardia

Question 10. Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of cluster headaches?

Aura before the headache with photophobia and nausea and vomiting

Severe unilateral tearing, burning, or temporal pain

Gradual onset of bilateral pain with sensation of a tight band around the head

Throbbing headache with intermittent burning sensation

Question 11. A man who sustained a cervical spinal cord injury 2 days ago suddenly develops severe hypertension and bradycardia. He reports severe head pain and blurred vision. The most likely explanation for these clinical manifestations is that he is

experiencing acute anxiety.

developing spinal shock.

developing autonomic hyperreflexia.

experiencing parasympathetic areflexia.

Question 12. The most severe diffuse brain injury caused by rotational acceleration is most likely to be located in the

diencephalon to the brainstem.

medial portion of the brainstem.

entire brainstem.

diencephalon.

Question 13. Which neurotransmitter is reduced in people with schizophrenia?

Dopamine

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Acetylcholine

Serotonin

Question 14. Which is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Blunted affect

Auditory hallucinations

Poverty of speech

Lack of social interaction

Question 15. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system abnormalities exist in a large percentage of individuals with

schizophrenia.

major depression.

mania.

panic disorder.

Question 16. The life-threatening problems associated with myelomeningocele include

upward displacement of the cerebellum into the diencephalon.

motor and sensory lesions below the level of the myelomeningocele.

downward displacement of the cerebellum, brainstem, and fourth ventricle.

encephalitis causing generalized cerebral edema and hydrocephalus.

Question 17. The neural groove closes dorsally during the _____ week of gestational life.

second

fourth

eighth

twelfth

Question 18. Anterior midline defects of neural tube closure cause developmental defects in the

brain and skull.

spinal cord.

vertebrae.

peripheral nerves.

Question 19. Which statement is false regarding the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis?

Pancreatic acinar cells metabolize ethanol, which generates toxic metabolites.

Injury to the pancreatic acinar cells permits leakage of pancreatic enzymes that digest pancreatic tissue.

Acute pancreatitis is an autoimmune disease in which IgG coats the pancreatic acinar cells so they are destroyed by the pancreatic enzymes.

When gallstones are present, bile flows into the pancreas, contributing to attacks.

Question 20. The desire to eat is stimulated by

agouti-related protein (AgRP).

alpha-melanocyte–stimulating hormone (?-MSH).

cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART).

peptide YY (PYY).

Question 21. The most common manifestation of portal hypertension induced splenomegaly is

leukopenia.

thrombocytopenia.

erythrocytopenia.

pancytopenia.

Question 22. Incomplete fusion of the nasomedial or intermaxillary process during the fourth week of embryonic development causes

cleft palate.

sinus dysfunction.

cleft lip.

esophageal malformation.

Question 23. At 2 or 3 weeks of age, an infant who has been fed well and gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason. The vomiting has gradually become more forceful. These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder?

Esophageal atresia

Congenital aganglionic megacolon

Pyloric stenosis

Galactosemia

Question 24. Hepatitis _____ in children is primarily associated with blood transfusions.

Question 25. Meconium _____ is an intestinal obstruction caused by meconium formed in utero that is abnormally sticky and adheres firmly to the mucosa of the small intestine.

cecum

ileus

obstruction

vivax

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.

LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
- Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
- Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Parkinson Disease Assignment