NURS 6501 Knowledge Check Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
NURS 6501 Knowledge Check Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
In this exercise, you will complete a 10- to 20-essay type question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content.
Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:
- Ulcers
- Hepatitis markers
- After HP shots
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
- Pancreatitis
- Liver failure—acute and chronic
- Gall bladder disease
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Diverticulitis
- Jaundice
- Bilirubin
- Gastrointestinal bleed – upper and lower
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Intra-abdominal infections (e.g., appendicitis)
- Renal blood flow
- Glomerular filtration rate
- Kidney stones
- Infections – urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis
- Acute kidney injury
- Renal failure – acute and chronic
ORDER NOW FOR AN ORIGINAL NURSING ESSAY ASSIGNMENT ON: NURS 6501 Knowledge Check Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
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Complete the Knowledge Check By Day 7 of Week 5
To complete this Knowledge Check:
Module 3 Knowledge Check
What’s Coming Up in Module 4?
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In Module 4, you will analyze processes related to endocrine disorders. To do this, you will analyze alterations in the relevant systems and the resultant disease processes. You will also consider patient characteristics, including racial and ethnic variables, that may impact physiological functioning and altered physiology. NURS 6501 Knowledge Check Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
Week 5: Concepts of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders
Patients of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders often face life-altering changes, including changes to diet, new treatment regimens, and more. For some disorders, treatments can include surgery.
Gastrointestinal conditions, such as ulcers, diverticulitis, and pancreatitis, often cause varying levels of pain and discomfort. Hepatobiliary conditions can also bring significant changes to patient routines and well-being.
This week, you examine fundamental concepts of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders. You explore common disorders in these categories, and you apply the key terms and concepts that help communicate the pathophysiological nature of these issues to patients.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
- Analyze concepts and principles of pathophysiology across the life span
Learning Resources
Week 6 Knowledge Check: Endocrine Disorders
In the Week 6 Knowledge Check, you will demonstrate your understanding of the topics covered during Module 4. This Knowledge Check will be composed of a series of questions related to specific scenarios provided. It is highly recommended that you review the Learning Resources in their entirety prior to taking the Knowledge Check, since the resources cover the topics addressed. Plan your time accordingly.
Also, during this week you will take your Midterm Exam. Please make sure to finalize and complete your Knowledge Check prior to completing your exam.
Next Module
To go to the next Module:
Module 4
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Question 9
A 65-year-old man with a history of atrial fibrillation presents to his PCP’s office 2 months after suffering from a myocardial infarction. He declined anticoagulation due to fear he would bleed to death. He has had sudden-onset, moderately severe diffuse abdominal pain that began 18 hours ago. He has been vomiting, and he has had several episodes of diarrhea, the last of which was bloody. He has a fever of 100.9 ˚ F. CBC reveals WBC of 15,000/mm3.
Question:
What is the most likely mechanism behind his current symptoms?
Selected Answer: Mesenteric insufficiency particularly due to a thrombus in the superior mesenteric artery interferes with the flow of blood to the ascending colon and the small bowel. Obstructed blood flow causes mal perfusion with subsequent ischemia and infarction. In elderly patents, atherosclerosis is the primary risk factor that can cause the formation of a thrombus.
Correct Answer: Thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery, whether due to thrombotic or embolic origin, causes a sudden decrease or interruption in the primary blood flow to most of the small bowel as well as the ascending colon. This disruption leads © 2020 Walden University 6 to malperfusion of the involved end organ leading to ischemia and, ultimately, infarction. Elderly patients are at risk due to atherosclerosis which lead to thrombus formation. Embolic origins usually arise from cardiac arrythmias, usually atrial fibrillation, which leads to pooling of the blood in the atria.
Response Feedback: [None Given] -
Question 10
A 46-year-old Caucasian female presents to the PCP’s office with a chief complaint of severe, intermittent right upper quadrant pain for the last 3 days. The pain is described as sharp and has occurred after eating french fries and cheeseburgers and radiates to her right shoulder. She has had a few episodes of vomiting “green stuff”. States had fever and chills last night which precipitated her trip to the office. She also had some dark orange urine, but she thought she was dehydrated.
Physical exam: slightly obese female with icteric sclera as well as generalized jaundice. Temp 101˚F, pulse 108, respirations 18. Abdominal exam revealed rounded abdomen with slightly hypoactive bowel sounds. + rebound tenderness on palpation of right upper quadrant. No tenderness or rebound in epigastrium or other quadrants. Labs demonstrate elevated WBC, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Serum bilirubin (indirect) 2.5 mg/dl. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated enlarged gall bladder, dilated common bile duct and multiple stones in the bile duct. The APRN diagnoses the patient with acute cholecystitis and refers her to the ED for further treatment.
Question 1 of 2:
Describe how gallstones are formed and why they caused the symptoms that the patient presented with.
Selected Answer: The formation of gallstones occurs from impaired metabolism f bile acids, cholesterol and bilirubin. When they accumulate, they form crystals and gradually form stones. The stones can either remain dormant or begin to move in the common and cystic ducts.
Correct Answer: Gallstones are formed from impaired metabolism of cholesterol, bilirubin, and bile acids. Gallstones are always composed of cholesterol, unconjugated bilirubin, bilirubin salts, fatty acids, calcium carbonates and phosphates and mucin glycoproteins. Gallstones form in bile that is supersaturated and can begin the process of cholesterol crystal formation. More crystals aggregate thus enlarging and forming stones. These stones may lie dormant or start to move down the cystic or common bile duct. These stones can cause biliary stasis, bacterial infections, biliary parasites.
Response Feedback: [None Given]
Module 4
Results Displayed All Answers, Submitted Answers, Correct Answers, Feedback, Incorrectly Answered Questions
Question 1
1 out of 1 points
Correct
The microvilli on the intestinal brush border contain what enzymes?
Selected Answer:
Correct
oligopeptides
Answers:
Correct
oligopeptides
amino acids
gastrin
amylase
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Cells that secrete digestive proenzymes are called?
Selected Answer:
Correct
Pancreatic acinar cells
Answers:
Kupffer cells
Correct
Pancreatic acinar cells
Hepatocytes
Parietal cells
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
Correct
The plasma BUN level is an unreliable measure of renal function because:
Selected Answer:
Correct
BUN varies because of multiple factors such as dehydration and protein intake
Answers:
BUN has no relationship to renal function
Correct
BUN varies because of multiple factors such as dehydration and protein intake
Serum sodium levels increase the BUN falsely
Serum potassium levels render the BUN inaccurate as a measure of renal function.
Question 4
1 out of 1 points
Correct
The only manifestation of cystitis in an older adult may be development of:
Selected Answer:
Correct
confusion
Answers:
Correct
confusion
headache
pelvic pain
hypertension
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Cirrhosis and hepatitis can cause:
Selected Answer:
Correct
intrahepatic portal hypertension
Answers:
Correct
intrahepatic portal hypertension
posthepatic portal hypertension
prehepatic portal hypertension
aortic portal hypertension
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Cells that remove bacteria and foreign particles from blood in the hepatic sinusoids are called?
Selected Answer:
Correct
Kupffer cells
Answers:
Correct
Kupffer cells
Pancreatic acinar cells
Hepatocytes
Parietal cells
Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Cells that secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are called?
Selected Answer:
Correct
Parietal cells
Answers:
Kupffer cells
Pancreatic acinar cells
Hepatocytes
Correct
Parietal cells
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Correct
An alkaline urinary pH significantly increases the risk for what type of urinary stone formation?
Selected Answer:
Correct
calcium phosphate
Answers:
magnesium phosphate
uric acid
Correct
calcium phosphate
potassium phosphate
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Sympathetic stimulation of the renal arterioles causes what reaction?
Selected Answer:
Correct
vasoconstriction
Answers:
fluid excretion
diuresis
vasodilation
Correct
vasoconstriction
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Women who have symptoms of cystitis for more than 6 weeks with negative urine cultures may have:
Selected Answer:
Correct
interstitial cystitis
Answers:
aseptic cystitis
Correct
interstitial cystitis
septic cystitis
pyelonephritis
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
Correct
A patient with sudden onset of oliguria with elevated plasma BUN and plasma creatinine levels is experiencing classic symptoms of:
Selected Answer:
Correct
Acute kidney injury
Answers:
Renal cancer
Nephrotic syndrome
Calculus lodged in ureter
Correct
Acute kidney injury
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
Correct
A gastric enzyme that digests proteins is called __________________
Selected Answer:
Correct
Pepsin
Answers:
Trypsin
Amylase
Correct
Pepsin
Ptyalin
Question 13
1 out of 1 points
Correct
The decreased renal excretion of sodium and water is caused by what substance?
Selected Answer:
Correct
Anti diuretic hormone (ADH)
Answers:
Correct
Anti diuretic hormone (ADH)
Angiotenson
Amino acids
Natriuretic peptides
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
Correct
A patient with massive proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema is experiencing classic symptoms of:
Selected Answer:
Correct
Nephrotic syndrome
Answers:
Renal cancer
Correct
Nephrotic syndrome
Calculus lodged in ureter
Acute kidney injury
Question 15
0 out of 1 points
Incorrect
Which of these structures are located in the renal cortex?
Selected Answer:
Incorrect
Glomeruli, proximal tubules, and renal corpuscles
Answers:
Glomeruli, proximal tubules, and renal corpuscles
Glomeruli, distal tubules, and pyramids
Correct
Collecting ducts, distal tubules, and pyramids
Collecting ducts, proximal tubules, and renal corpuscles
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
Correct
A pancreatic enzyme that digests proteins is called ___________________
Selected Answer:
Correct
Trypsin
Answers:
Correct
Trypsin
Amylase
Pepsin
Ptyalin
Question 17
1 out of 1 points
Correct
A patient with hematuria, dull flank pain, weight loss and anemia in the late stages of the disease are experiencing classic symptoms of:
Selected Answer:
Correct
Renal cancer
Answers:
Correct
Renal cancer
Nephrotic syndrome
Calculus lodged in ureter
Acute kidney injury
Question 18
1 out of 1 points
Correct
A patient with severe colicky flank pain radiating to the groin, nausea and vomiting, and some hematuria is experiencing classic symptoms of:
Selected Answer:
Correct
Calculus lodged in ureter
Answers:
Renal cancer
Nephrotic syndrome
Correct
Calculus lodged in ureter
Acute kidney injury
Question 19
0 out of 1 points
Incorrect
Which of these structures are located in the renal medulla?
Selected Answer:
Incorrect
Collecting ducts, proximal tubules, and renal corpuscles
Answers:
Glomeruli, proximal tubules, and renal corpuscles
Glomeruli, distal tubules, and pyramids
Correct
Collecting ducts, distal tubules, and pyramids
Collecting ducts, proximal tubules, and renal corpuscles
Question 20
1 out of 1 points
Correct
Vitamin D is activated by the kidneys and is stimulated by what hormone?
Selected Answer:
Correct
parathyroid hormone
Answers:
calcitonin
ADH
Correct
parathyroid hormone
natriuretic peptides