NURS 6501 Knowledge Check Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders

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NURS 6501 Knowledge Check Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders

NURS 6501 Knowledge Check Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders

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In this exercise, you will complete a 10- to 20-essay type question Knowledge Check to gauge your understanding of this module’s content.

Possible topics covered in this Knowledge Check include:

  • Stroke
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Transient Ischemic Attack
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Headache
  • Seizure disorders
  • Head injury
  • Spinal cord injury
  • Inflammatory diseases of the musculoskeletal system
  • Osteoporosis
  • Osteopenia
  • Bursitis
  • Tendinitis
  • Gout
  • Lyme Disease
  • Spondylosis
  • Fractures
  • Parkinson’s
  • Alzheimer’s

ORDER NOW FOR AN ORIGINAL NURSING ESSAY ASSIGNMENT ON: NURS 6501 Knowledge Check Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Three basic bone-formations:

  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteocytes
  • Osteoclasts

Photo Credit: Getty Images/Science Photo Libra

Complete the Knowledge Check By Day 7 of Week 7

To complete this Knowledge Check:

Module 5 Knowledge Check

Next Week

To go to the next week:

Week 8

Question 1

Needs Grading

A 28-year-old woman presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of hirsutism and irregular menses. She describes irregular and infrequent menses (five or six per year) since menarche at 12 years of age. She began to develop dark, coarse facial hair when she was 14 years of age, but her parents did not seek treatment or medical opinion at that time. The symptoms worsened after she gained weight in college. She got married 3 years ago and has been trying to get pregnant for the last 2 years without success. Height 66 inches and weight 198. BMI 32 kg.m2. Moderate hirsutism without virilization noted.  Laboratory data reveal CMP within normal limits (WNL), CBC with manual differential (WNL), TSH 0.9 IU/L SI units (normal 0.4-4.0 IU/L SI units), a total testosterone of 65 ng/dl (normal 2.4-47 ng/dl), and glycated hemoglobin level of 6.1% (normal value ≤5.6%). Based on this information, the APRN diagnoses the patient with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and refers her to the Women’s Health APRN for further workup and management.   NURS 6501 Knowledge Check Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Question 1 of 2:

What is the pathogenesis of PCOS? 
Selected Answer:

There is a direct correlation between the pathophysiology of PCOS, the action of LH, predisposition to hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance. A common theory that explains the pathogenesis of PCOS   highlights that, resistance to insulin usually suppresses the synthesis of globulin, a sex-binding hormone, increasing the synthesis of ovarian and adrenal androgens which increases the levels of androgens, aggravating hyperandrogenism. Although the main characteristic feature of PCOS is a hyperandrogenic state, in most cases, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance run parallel exacerbating the hyperandrogenic state, worsening the symptoms and signs of PCOS.
Correct Answer:

The pathogenesis of PCOS has been linked to altered luteinizing hormone (LH) action, insulin resistance, and a possible predisposition to hyperandrogenism. One theory maintains that underlying insulin resistance exacerbates hyperandrogenism by suppressing synthesis of sex hormone–binding globulin and increasing adrenal and ovarian synthesis of androgens, thereby increasing androgen levels. These androgens then lead to irregular menses and physical manifestations of hyperandrogenism. The hyperandrogenic state is a cardinal feature of PCOS but glucose intolerance/insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia often run parallel to and markedly aggravate the hyperandrogenic state, thus contributing to the severity of signs and symptoms of PCOS.
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Week 7: Concepts of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders – Part 1

Anatomists often use the analogy of a house to explain the human body, with skeletal systems, respiratory systems, and circulatory systems represented as a home’s framing structure, ventilation, and piping, respectively. Such analogies further emphasize the point that relationships between systems can result in complications when issues arise in one system.

With hundreds of diseases that can impact the brain, spine, and nerves, neurological disorders represent a complicated array of issues that present significant health concerns. Disorders such as strokes and Parkinson’s disease not only affect the nervous system, however; they can have secondary impacts in other areas, especially the musculoskeletal system.

This week, you examine fundamental concepts of neurological disorders. You explore common disorders that impact these systems and you apply the key terms and concepts that help communicate the pathophysiological nature of these issues to patients.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

  • Analyze concepts and principles of pathophysiology across the lifespan

Learning Resources

Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)

 McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: the biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.

  • Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
  • Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function (stop at Sleep); Summary Review
  • Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function (start at Acute confusional states and delirium) (stop at Alterations in neuromotor functions); (Parkinson’s Disease); Summary Review
  • Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction (stop at Degenerative disorders of the spine); (start at Cerebrovascular disorders) (stop at Tumors of the central nervous system); Summary Review
  • Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System (stop at Components of muscle function); Summary Review
  • Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function (stop at Bone tumors); (start at Disorders of joints); Summary Review
  • Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument (section on Lyme Disease). NURS 6501 Knowledge Check Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Chin, L. S. (2018). Spinal cord injuries. Retrieved from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/793582-overview#a4

Required Media (click to expand/reduce)

Module 5 Overview with Dr. Tara Harris 

Dr. Tara Harris reviews the structure of Module 5 as well as the expectations for the module. Consider how you will manage your time as you review your media and Learning Resources throughout the module to prepare for your Knowledge Check and your Assignment. (3m)

Khan Academy. (2019b). Ischemic stroke . Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatory-system-diseases/stroke/v/ischemic-stroke

Note: The approximate length of the media program is 8 minutes.

Osmosis.org. (2019, June 12). Osteoporosis  – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUQ_tt_zJDo

Note: The approximate length of the media program is 9 minutes.

Online Media from Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children

In addition to this week’s media, it is highly recommended that you access and view the resources included with the course text, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children. Focus on the videos and animations in Chapters 15, 16, 18, and sections of Chapters 44 and 45 that relate to the neurological and musculoskeletal systems. Refer to the Learning Resources in Week 1 for registration instructions. If you have already registered, you may access the resources at https://evolve.elsevier.com/

Question 1

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Muscle protein that stores oxygen is called:
Selected Answer:
Correct

Myoglobin
Answers:

Epiphysis

Correct

Myoglobin

Hyaluronate

Diaphysis

Question 2

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Lipogranuloma of oil-secreting gland of the eyelid best describes a:
Selected Answer:
Correct

Chalazion
Answers:

Keratitis

Blepharitis

Correct

Chalazion

Entropion
Question 3

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Neurons need insulin in order to take in glucose.
Selected Answer:
Correct

False
Answers:

True

Correct

False
Question 4

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Damage to an upper motor neuron will cause muscle ________________________
Selected Answer:
Correct

spasticity
Answers:
Correct

spasticity

flaccidity

tremor

paralysis
Question 5

0 out of 1 points

Incorrect

Damage to the cerebellum will cause what symptoms?
Selected Answer:
Incorrect

resting tremor and ataxic gait
Answers:

resting tremor and ataxic gait

resting tremor and shuffling gait

Correct

intention tremor and ataxic gait

intention tremor and shuffling gait
Question 6

0 out of 1 points

Incorrect

Which substances inhibit bone re absorption?
Selected Answer:
Incorrect

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)
Answers:
Correct

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and estrogen

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and t umor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and estrogen
Question 7

1 out of 1 points

Correct

A neuron extension that carries impulses toward the cell body is called:
Selected Answer:
Correct

Dendrite
Answers:

Axon

Correct

Dendrite

Limbic

Myelin
Question 8

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Venous bleeding around the brain can cause a(n):

Selected Answer:
Correct

subdural hematoma
Answers:
Correct

subdural hematoma

epidural hematoma

intracerebral hematoma

cerebellar infarct
Question 9

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Inflammation in small fluid-filled sacs located between tendons, muscles, and bony prominences is called?
Selected Answer:
Correct

Bursitis
Answers:

Septic joint

Epicondylitis

Correct

Bursitis

Nonunion
Question 10

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Cranial nerves III, IV, and VI are necessary for normal movement of the:
Selected Answer:
Correct

eye
Answers:

cheeks

lips

tongue

Correct

eye
Question 11

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis include:
Selected Answer:
Correct

Severe joint deformities and autoimmune disease
Answers:
Correct

Severe joint deformities and autoimmune disease

Subchondral bone sclerosis and loss of articular cartilage

Joint pain relieved by rest and joint stiffness for first hour after awakening

Subchondral bone sclerosis and joint stiffness for first hour after awakening
Question 12

1 out of 1 points

Correct

What brain structure is responsible for the thermoregulation and heat production in the body?
Selected Answer:
Correct

hypothalamus
Answers:
Correct

hypothalamus

thalamus

cerebellum

pons
Question 13

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Damage to a lower motor neuron will cause muscle ________________________
Selected Answer:
Correct

flaccidity
Answers:

spasticity

Correct

flaccidity

tremor

paralysis
Question 14

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Inflammation of the eyelid is best described as:
Selected Answer:
Correct

Blepharitis
Answers:

Keratitis

Correct

Blepharitis

Chalazion

Entropion
Question 15

0 out of 1 points

Incorrect

Impaired recognition of tactile, visual, or auditory stimuli is called:
Selected Answer:
Incorrect

Athetosis
Answers:

Athetosis

Apraxia

Aphasia

Correct

Agnosia
Question 16

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Which of the following conditions are have an autoimmune cause?
Selected Answer:
Correct

Lichen planus and lupus erythematosus
Answers:
Correct

Lichen planus and lupus erythematosus

Erysipelas and impetigo

Tinea pedis and candidiasis

Erysipelas and candidiasis
Question 17

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Which of the following conditions are have a bacterial cause?
Selected Answer:
Correct

Erysipelas and impetigo
Answers:

Lichen planus and lupus erythematosus

Correct

Erysipelas and impetigo

Tinea pedis and candidiasis

Erysipelas and candidiasis
Question 18

0 out of 1 points

Incorrect

Characteristics of osteoarthritis include:
Selected Answer:
Incorrect

Joint pain relieved by rest and joint stiffness for first hour after awakening
Answers:

Severe joint deformities and autoimmune disease

Correct

Subchondral bone sclerosis and loss of articular cartilage

Joint pain relieved by rest and joint stiffness for first hour after awakening

Subchondral bone sclerosis and joint stiffness for first hour after awakening
Question 19

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Inflammation of a tendon where it attaches to a bone is called?
Selected Answer:
Correct

Epicondylitis
Answers:

Septic joint

Correct

Epicondylitis

Bursitis

Nonunion
Question 20

1 out of 1 points

Correct

Changes in the pupils are useful to evaluate the function of what area of the brain?
Selected Answer:
Correct

brainstem
Answers:

grey matter

corticol

Correct

brainstem

white matter

Wednesday, August 18, 2021 8:08:11 AM EDT